The final reference to the pillars of the earth is found in Psalm 75:3, but let's include verses 2 and 4 to get the sense of the context. The book of Job is a revelation of the character of God in opposition to the mischaracterizations that Job's friends had of God, and Job understanding the pillars of 9:6 to be leaders fits perfectly with the purpose of the book. God shakes the earth and the leaders thereof tremble in fear. God moves entire mountains, and these people know not what to do. This verse can only be speaking of the people mentioned in verse 4 who had hardened themselves against God. To understand the reference to the pillars of the earth in verse 6, we have to first ask who verse 5 is speaking of when it says "they know not." Obviously, this verse is not talking about the mountains because mountains cannot know anything in the first place. Which shaketh the earth out of her place, and the pillars thereof tremble." "He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength: who hath hardened himself against him, and hath prospered? Which removeth the mountains, and they know not: which overturneth them in his anger.
It is found in Job 9:6, but let's add verses 4 and 5 to our consideration as well. The second reference to the pillars of the earth is a little more difficult to understand. The positions of leadership in the earth, the pillars of the earth, are the Lord's. He is the One who created those roles, and He is the One who determines who will fill those roles. God determines who will be in leadership because the positions of leadership all belong to Him. The second part of the verse explains why it is God who makes this determination. This is a familiar theme that is repeated all throughout Scripture. The first part of this verse tells us that it is God who lifts people into positions of leadership. "He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the LORD'S, and he hath set the world upon them." The first verse that mentions the pillars of the earth is I Samuel 2:8.
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